#10: He and Roger Penrose Publish Singularity Theorems in the Late 1960s
In the late 1960s, Hawking works closely with mathematician Roger Penrose to develop what become known as the singularity theorems. Their work applies Einstein’s theory of general relativity to demonstrate that the universe likely began with a singularity.

These results attract attention within the scientific community. The research suggests that the Big Bang was not just a theory of expansion but a mathematical inevitability under certain conditions. The collaboration establishes Hawking as a leading young thinker in gravitational physics and early-universe cosmology.
